The European
Mission Soil Week 2024 was held in November in
Brussels, organized by the European Commission Directorate-General for
Agriculture and Rural Development, in collaboration with the
Directorate-General for Research and Innovation and the Joint Research Centre,
in the context of the EU Mission: A Soil Deal for Europe (Mission Soil) under EU's Horizon
Europe funding program 2021–2027. The first European Mission Soil Week was held
last year in Madrid. The events indicated the strong appreciation of soil
research and its contribution to EU policies. Living soil, clean waters and a
favorable climate (biosphere) are essential for sustainable development and planetary health which are at the the centre of
dialogue. It is time to address alternatives for sustainable soil management,
also underlying the forest-based bioeconomy.
The role of soils emphasized in EU policy
The role of
soils in EU research and innovation funding has been strengthened during this
decade because more than half of Europe's soils are in poor health, challenging
our well-being. Soil management which enhances essential soil functions and prevents
harmful effects on soil health requires solid impact assessment as a basis for designing
regulatory measures, as underlined by a
directive initiative already 20 years ago.
The science-policy
interface was strengthened with the EJP SOIL projects (2020–2024), which focused
scientific perspectives on the climate resilience of agricultural lands. The Mission
Soil (2021–2027) expanded the research on forest and urban lands as well as
degraded areas. The main goal of the Mission Soil is to establish 100 living
labs (LLs) and lighthouses to lead the transition towards healthy soils by
2030. Through LLs, land managers and local communities are embedded into a science-practice-policy
interface.
The Mission
Soil Week 2024 showed the power of the Mission, as the event brought together
soil scientists, land managers, land planners, as well as decision makers for a
total of 250 on-site and around 300 on-line participants. The first 25 Living Labs
of the Mission Soil received attention. New ones are being established all over
Europe to fill in the recognized knowledge gaps concerning different soil types
and management practices. One of the identified research needs was different options
of forest soil management for strengthening sustainable local bioeconomies.
The Mission Soil strengthens the supply for ecosystem services
Healthy
soils supply valuable ecosystem services, such as nutrient and water cycling,
carbon sequestration, food and other biomass production. Healthy soil is a
habitat for diverse species, which increases the soil’s capacity to tolerate
the challenges brought by climate change, i.e. excessive rains and floods, prolonged
droughts, as well as disease and pest outbreaks.
All in all,
the well-being of nature and people depends on healthy soils and the ecosystem
services they provide. At its best, cooperation between humans and nature
strengthens ecosystem services, which the EU's soil mission describes as
follows:
1. producing
nutritious and safe food
2.
cycling nutrients
3.
storing and cycling carbon,
supporting climate mitigation and adaptation
4. hosting
biodiversity
5. purifying
and regulating water, protection from droughts and floods
6.
supporting human activities,
landscapes and cultural heritage
A common challenge for future
- reduce desertification
- conserve organic carbon stocks in the soils
- stop soil sealing and increase re-use of urban soils
- reduce soil pollution and enhance restoration
- prevent soil erosion
- improve soil structure to enhance soil biodiversity
- reduce the EU global footprint on soils
- improve soil literacy in society
Research needs identified for forest management
"Healthy forest soils produce healthy
biomass for safe bio-products", was said in the breakout session during
the Mission Soil Week, focusing on the pivotal role of soil health in fostering
sustainable forest-based bioeconomy.
The target is in innovative soil management practices that enhance ecosystem
services, support biomass production and promote climate change mitigation and
adaptation.
In a brainstorming
session of more than 30 experts, new approaches for forest soils care and regeneration methods were discussed. The session identified key
gaps and research needs, offering recommendations on how future efforts,
including the EU Mission Soil, can advance sustainable forest soil management.
The innovation session
was preceded by three presentations: Aleksi Lehtonen, Research professor,
Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke) focused on greenhouse gases, Ieva
Līcīte, Researcher, Latvian State Forest Research Institute "Silava"
presented strip harvest as a new solution for forest regeneration, and Andrea
Martos from IDENER R&D, presented the pHYBI project, focused on
phytoremediation and role of healthy soils for safe forest-based bioproducts.
A wider
range of regeneration methods and soil management practices were seen as a means
for sustainable development. The two black and white alternatives, either
continuous cover or final felling with intensive tillage are not enough to
describe successful forest management alternatives adapted to different local
conditions. There is a spectrum of good approaches between these two. The
research needs long-term experiments with different treatments with controls.
In addition, indicators and metrics for forest soil quality was highlighted. In
decision-making, modelling of soil functions are key to show the impact of
different forest management practices.
Valuing the ecosystem services and compensation for land managers based
on them was seen as an essential element to strengthen the health, growth and
further carbon sequestration of forests.
The general session of
the Mission Soil Week reported a wish for a forest soil projects, from the
North to South and East to West, to test different forest regeneration methods
to enrich ecosystem services in different pedo-climatical conditions. I hope we
get to see the wish comes true.
The Mission Soil gathers soil scientists from different parts of the EU
Beneficiaries
in Finland are already coordinating three significant Mission Soil projects: DeliSoil focuses on food industry byproducts to be used as soil improvers for
especially in agricultural soils to restore their functionality and growth
potential, ISLANDR is aiming strategies for soil
remediation at contaminated sites, and HoliSoils is working together for forest
soils aiming to harmonize available soil monitoring information to support
decision making towards climate and sustainability goals. In addition, MARVIC, which started as an EJP SOIL project, studies
greenhouse gas balances at field sites, to develop MRV for carbon removals in
European agriculture. The northernmost test site is Ruukki. It is important
that the projects cover conditions across Europe.
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